職稱英語考試語法:情態動詞及例題解析
例如:
The patient is able to walk now.
(說明病人原來是喪失了走的能力的,現在自己能走了)
The patient can walk now.
(可能的情況是,病人是能走的,但醫生不讓他走,如急性心梗后醫生不讓病人走動。)
Shall I / we(第一人稱)…?
表示征求對方意見;(第二、三人稱) shall…表示"允諾"或"警告。
例如:
Shall I fetch a doctor for you?
(要我為你請個醫生來嗎?)
You shall be sorry for what you have done.
(你會為你所做的事后悔的。)
Will you…。? 表示請求。
例如:
Dont be late for the meeting next time, will you?
(下次開會別遲到了,好嗎?)
比較:I would remind you that smoking is forbidden here.
(表示"婉轉的建議或請求":我想提醒你,這里不能抽煙。)
neednt 的肯定式為must.
例如:
You neednt see him, but I must.
(你不必去看他,但我得去。)
cannot but 原形動詞
(意思相當于have to), 例如:
I cannot but tell you the truth.
(我不得不給你說實話。)
情態動詞的完成式:
情態動詞的一般式用于表達"現在"或"將來"的情況,而情態動詞的完成式則用來表達"已經發生的事情"。
例如:"你不應該來得那么晚。"這是對已經發生的事情(你來晚了)表示自己的看法:
You shouldnt have come so late.
將常用、?嫉膸讉情態動詞完成式列表說明如下:
must (not) have done 表示對已發生的事情的"判斷",中文常表達為:"準是…"
It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.(昨晚準是下雨了,地上濕漉漉的。)
should (not) have done / ought (not) to have done 表示"事與愿違",中文常表達為:"(不)該…","本(不)該…"
The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to)have let him play with the scissors.
(孩子傷得很厲害;她不該讓他玩剪刀。)
may / can (not) have done 表示"本(不)可能" She may have known the news; she is crying.
(她可能已經知道那個消息了;她在哭。)
need (not) have done 表示"本(不)需要" You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one.
(你實際上沒有必要買那本字典;我有一本多余的。)
由于在沒有情景的情況下很難區分情態動詞一般式和完成式,例如"你不該去",究竟是You shouldnt go there. 還是 You shouldnt have gone there, 因此考試的時候往往會給出情景,這對判題非常重要,如上面表格例子中的"the ground is wet","the baby was cut badly","she is crying", 都是題目所給的情景。