職稱英語考試經驗：名詞性從句

　　在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，它能在復合句中作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。在名詞性從句中，連接詞that既沒有實際意義，又不充當任何成分，只起引導從句的作用， 引導賓語從句時經常省去。

　　一、主語從句 (The Subject Clause)：在復合句中作主句的主語。為保持句子結構平衡，主語從句通常被置于句末，而用it作形式主語。

　　That light travels in straight line is known to all.

　　When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.

　　It was my fault that I had him play football yesterday afternoon.

　　It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.

　　It is still unknown which team will win the match.

　　二、賓語從句 (The Object Clause)：主要作及物動詞的賓語，有時置于介詞或形容詞之后。

　　He said (that) his father had come back from the United States.

　　He asked how much I paid for the violin.

　　No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.

　　如果賓語從句帶有補足語，通常用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句置于補足語之后。

　　I think it necessary that we should pay close attention to SARS.

　　We all feel it our duty that we should serve the people heart and soul

　　當主句的謂語動詞是think， believe， guess， expect， imagine， suppose等時，如果賓語從句是否定結構，通常把主句謂語動詞改為否定式，而將賓語從句改為肯定式，這種現象叫做“否定轉移”。

　　I don‘t think we two have met before.

　　We don‘t believe that he could finish his work in such a short time.

　　She doesn‘t think it is right for John to come late to school.

　　三、表語從句 （The Predicative Clause）：通常置于主句的系動詞之后，說明主句主語的情況。

　　My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday.

　　Is that why you had a few days off？

　　It is because I have never heard of the story.

　　四、同位語從句 （The Appositive Clause）：常置于某些名詞之后，對其內容作解釋或補充說明。如：

　　advice， demand， doubt， fact， hope， idea， news， order， problem， promise， question， request， suggestion， truth， wish， word等。

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.

　　There is no doubt that he is the best player in their country.

　　同位語從句與定語從句的區別：

　　同位語從句對所修飾詞作補充說明，而定語從句對前面名詞起限定作用；

　　that在同位語從句中只起引導作用，無詞義，無語法成分，而在定語從句中指代所修飾詞并在從句中作主語或賓語。

　　比較：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. （同位語從句）

　　The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong. （定語從句）