職稱英語考試語法:動詞不定式及例題解析
1) 前面講到:“動詞不定式”的完成式表示過去時,它常在以下句型中出現:
(主語) be said / reported / believed / supposed to have (been) done
(主語) seem to have (been) done
(主語) be likely to have (been) done
當考試時看到這樣的句型出現,首先要考慮是否是“動詞不定式”的完成式
2) 注意“動詞不定式” to與介詞to的區別,即:是to 動詞,還是to 名詞或動名詞(-ing)。“第二講 五個基本句型”中已經提到:object to / look forward to / be (get) accustomed (used) to / be subjected to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / agree to等中的to是介詞。
當考試時看到這樣的表達方式出現,首先要考慮選擇-ing形式(一般不會給純名詞形式)
關于on ing 形式和with (without) 分詞獨立主格結構
1)on ing 形式:一般將介詞on -ing形式理解為“分詞”(要有行為主體)而不是“動名詞”,意為 “當…時”,“一…就…”,相當于when 或as soon as,例如:
On hearing the news, she burst into tears. (一聽到這個消息,她一下子哭了起來。)
錯:On arriving in Beijing, it began to rain heavily. (一到北京,就開始下起大雨來了。)
由于句子的主語it并不是arriving的行為主體,該句語法不成立。可以改為:
No sooner had we arrived in Beijing than it began to rain heavily.
2) with (without) 分詞獨立主格結構
She fell asleep with the lamp burning. (她開著燈誰著了。)
Almost every day the kids returned home with their hands and faces covered with mud and sweat.(孩子們幾乎每天回家時手上臉上都是泥和汗。)
當這樣的獨立主格結構中的動詞為 “be” 動詞時,往往省略,例如:
Every day the old teacher entered the classroom, with a poor bag under his arm. (每天,這位老教師夾著個破包走進教室。= with a poor bag being under his arm)