綜合類考試語法:定語從句
1、功能:相當于形容詞,修飾名詞或代詞,在句中作定語
2、位置:定語從句置于被修飾詞之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞
(1)先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞,如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數詞也可以作先行詞,人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。
(2)先行詞與關系詞是等量關系。必須注意兩點:
①先行詞在從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的數由先行詞而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分,其意思就是先行詞的意義,所以在從句中不能重復其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
4、關系詞:引導定語從句的都稱關系詞
關系代詞:who, whom, which, that, whose, as.
關系副詞:when, where, why.that偶爾也作關系副詞。
5、確定關系詞的步驟
(1)先找關系詞,看先行詞指的是什么。
(2)看關系詞在從句中所充當的成分。
6、在定語從句中,當先行詞指物時,下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用which
(1)先行詞被①形容詞最高級 ②序數詞 ③數詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、 no、all、one of等修飾時。
(2)先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。
(3)先行詞中既有人又有物時。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
(4)先行詞在主句中作表語關系詞在從句中作表語時。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(5)當主句中含有疑問詞which時。
Which are the books that you bought for me
7、宜用which而不用that的情況
(1)在非限制性定語從句中
(2)在關系詞前有介詞時
(3)當先行詞本身是that時
(4)當關系詞離先行詞較遠時
8、關系詞who與that指人時,也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞
(1)當主句是there be句型時,關系詞用who.
(2)先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時,關系詞用who.
(3)當主句是who作疑問詞時,關系詞用that.
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在從句中只作賓語,可被who取代。
9、whose作關系詞既指人又指物,在從句中作定語。如: