綜合類考試：常考從句解析之狀語從句

　　狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號隔開。

　　現(xiàn)將狀語從句的類別、用法、考點(diǎn)等歸集如下，以幫忙職稱英語考生對狀語從句來重新熟悉并達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用，達(dá)到提高成績的目的。

　　一、考點(diǎn)聚焦

　　1、時(shí)間狀語從句(1)as、when、while用法as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí))The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時(shí))

　　when：(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。It was raining when we arrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))When we were at school， we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))

　　while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示a period of time時(shí)，兩者可以互換。Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，這里的while意思是“趁……”)

　　(2)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有：①till， not … until …， until， before， sinceDon’t get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock.It will be five years before he returns from England.

　　②hardly / scarcely … when， no sooner … than， as soon as once表示“一……就”As soon as I have finished it ， I’ll give yu a call.Once you show any fear， he will attack you.We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when itbegan to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.

　　③directly， immediately， the moment， the minute that… 一……就He made for the door directly he heard the knock.

　　④each time， every time， by the timeEach time he came to my city， he would call on me.注意：表示未來情況，主句用將來時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　2、讓步狀語從句(1)although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。Although they are poor，(yet)they are warm-hearted.(2)even if或even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“即使”，“縱然”，用來使人注意下文所強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑問詞，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。Don’t trust him， no matter what / whatever he says.Whoever breaks the law will be published.No matter how hard the work is， you’d better try to do it well.(4)as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。要用倒裝。Child as(though)he is， he knows a lot.Much as I like it， I won’t buy.Try as he would， he couldn’t lift the heavy box.

　　3、原因狀語從句：because， for， as， since， now that(1)表示不知道的原因時(shí)用because，即說話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why I’m leaving？ I’m leaving because I’m full.for雖然表示不知道的原因，但其語氣較because要弱得多，是可說可不說的話，它只能置于主句之后，這時(shí)，for是并列連詞。如果不是因果關(guān)系，而是對前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時(shí)，只能用for.如：It’s morning now， for the birds are singing.(很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。)(2)表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或since，即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時(shí)卻相反。Seeing all of the children already seated， he said，“Since everyone is here， let’s start.”(3)下列情況下只能使用because：①在回答why的問句時(shí)；②在用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)；③被not所否定時(shí)。

　　4、地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where， whereverMake a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.

　　5、目的狀語從句：that， so that， in order that注意：目的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，否則可能是結(jié)果狀語從句。不可置于句首。

　　6、結(jié)果狀語從句：that， so that， so … that， such … that …注意：so 形容詞/副詞 that從句；such 名詞 that從句。

　　7、方式狀語從句：as， as if(though)I’ll do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.

　　8、比較狀語從句：than， as

　　9、條件狀語從句：if， unless， so (as) long as， in case， once， a far as， on condition that.注意if與unless的區(qū)別：不能用and連接兩個(gè)unless從句，即不能有… unless …，and unless … 。但if … not and if … not卻不受此限。You won’t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)但可以說 … unless you eat less and exercise more.