綜合類考試輔導資料：名詞的數與一致性
1. 并列結構作主語時與謂語的一致關系a) 由and連接兩個名詞或者代詞作主語時A and B分為以下四種情況：i. A、B表示不同的人、物或者觀念的時候，謂語動詞要用復數形式Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Both the parents and the children are here. ii. A、B表示同一個人、物或者觀念的時候，謂語動詞要用單數形式A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat. The turner and fitter is under twenty-five. iii. And連接幾個單數主語，主語由each、 every、 no、 many a等詞修飾的時候，謂語動詞要用單數Each boy and each girl is invited. Every boy and girl is invited. No boy and no girl is there now. iv. A、B為兩個不可分的東西時，謂語動詞用單數A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. Bread and butter is nutritious.
b) 由or， not only… but also …， either… or …， neither… nor …連接主語時，謂語的人稱和數與靠近的主語一致 (注意，敘述句和疑問句隨語序不同而不同)
Either you or I am mad. Neither you nor he is naughty. Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.
c) 當主語后跟有with， along with， together with， besides， except， like，including， as well as， rather than等詞的時候，謂語動詞不受詞組的影響，僅和主語保持一致All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.
2. 單一主語的情況a) 以復數形式結尾的名詞作主語時，例如physics， maths， economics， news， means，works， 等一般在謂語動詞中用單數形式， 當然，若表示復數的意思則另當別論Physics is very important. Every means has been tried.
b) 表示雙部分工具的名稱，衣服名稱等作主語時，例如trousers/pants， shoes，glasses， scissors， goods， clothers等，謂語用復數形式；如果這些詞由Pair(suit，piece， series，kind) of修飾的時候，謂語動詞要用單數
My trousers are white and his clothes are black. A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.
但是在these/those pairs (…) of 復數名詞之后，謂語動詞則用復數形式These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.
3. 動名詞，不定式，從句作主語的時候，謂語動詞一般要用單數
To see is to believe. Swimming is a good way to keep health. Who is her father is not known.
4. 集體名詞作主語時a) mankind/humanity/man(人類)作主語的時候，謂語動詞一般用單數形式Only man is knows how to cook. b) 由people， police， cattle， youth等集體名詞作主語的時候，謂語動詞用復數形式The cattle are grazing in the field. c) Family， croud， class， public， enemy等集體名詞作主語的時候i. 若當整體看，則謂語動詞用單數形式Our class is very diligent. ii. 若他們表示的人或者事物當作若干個個體來看，謂語動詞則用復數形式When I came into the room， his family were watching TV. iii. A family/group/class作主語時，謂語動詞用單數families/groups/classes作主語時，謂語動詞用復數A group is coming to the zoo.
5. 其他情況a) 主語為表示距離、時間、長度、價值、金額、重量等復數名詞的時候，謂語動詞用單數形式3 kilometers is not very far. Three times three makes nine.
b) one， every/each one， each， anyone， either， neither of 復數名詞謂語動詞一般用單數形式，因為of之后的復數名詞不是主語而是介詞of的賓語，of前面的one， every one … 才是主語Neither of them is right. Each of them has a slide.
c) none of 不可數名詞——謂語動詞用單數形式none of 可數名詞 ——謂語動詞單復均可None of that money in the desk is his. None of his classmates knows the truth.
d) 分數或百分數 of 詞組分數或百分數 of 詞組作主語時，謂語動詞的數取決于of后的名詞或者代詞的數；若名詞或代詞是復數，謂語動詞用復數，若名詞或代詞是單數，則謂語動詞用單數Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea. Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.
e) more than one (單數名詞) 單數動詞more than two (復數名詞) 復數動詞More than one white rose has bloomed. More than two white roses have bloomed.
f) a (great) number of 復數名詞 ——用復數動詞the number of 任何名詞 —— 用單數動詞A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall. The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.
g) the 形容詞，表示一類人 ——謂語動詞用復數the 形容詞，表示一類物 ——謂語動詞用單數The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. The beauty is here.
h) every， any， some， no 構成的復合詞everyone， everybody， everything anyone， anybody， anything 這些復合詞作主語的時候，謂語動詞用單someone， somebody， something 數形式no one， nobody， nothing Everyone in the class was surprised at the news. Listen， someone is knocking at the door.