Do you know the man sitting and reading a book there? (你認識坐在那里看書的那個人嗎?現在/ 主動)
Who is the patient being operated on? (正在接受手術的那個病人是誰啊?現在 / 被動)
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
(當選為委員的人將出席這次會議。過去 / 被動)
有了上述基本概念,就可以進一步討論下面的問題了:
三. 非謂語動詞的句法功能:
一個典型的句子共有以下五個基本成分:
主語 謂語 賓語 定語 狀語
這里要討論的是當英語中的一個動詞處在主語、賓語、定語和狀語位置時怎么處理,即非謂語成分時怎么處理。
1.主語:
首先,"to do" 和 "-ing"形式具有名詞性,"-ed "不具備名詞性。也就是說,"to do" 和 "-ing"可以做主語,例如:
To learn a foreign language is not an easy thing. (= It is not an easy
thing to learn English.)
Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing.
問題是這兩種表達方式有沒有區別。語法上沒有對或錯的區別,因此不是語法考試的重點
一般講,"to do"較具體的行為或狀態,"-ing"表示較籠統的概念,如"學習外語對我來說并非易事"一般用"to do"來表達:To learn a
foreign language. is not an easy thing for me. (或:It is not an easy thing for me
to learn a foreign language.)
從應試角度講,只要記住下面兩個特殊句型就可以了:
It is no use (或good) ing結構,例如:
It is no use quarreling with her. (和她爭吵沒有用。考試時不要選to quarrel with her)
There is no ing 結構,例如:
There is no denying that women are playing more and more important roles in
the world today.(不可否認,在當今世界上,婦女正發揮越來越重要的作用。)
There is no joking about this matter. (這事開不得玩笑。)