衛(wèi)生類語法輔導(dǎo):名詞性從句地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where,wherever引導(dǎo),如:
Where there is a will,there is a way. She painted wherever she happened to be.從屬連詞還能與any,no,every等一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合句,引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。如:
Everywhere you go,you will be warmly welcomed.
3. 方式狀語從句
引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有as,as if,as though等,從句通常位于主句之后,如:
He had never blushed as she blushed then.(as作“按照”或“像”解。)
as if和as though都做“好象”解,兩者可以互換,從句既可用陳述語氣(表示可能符合事實的情況),又可用虛擬語氣(表示與事實不符的情況),如:
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. His mother loves me as if / as though I were her daughter.
4. 條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,unless,as / so long as,suppose (that),supposing (that),in case,when等。條件狀語從句可以分為真實條件狀語從句和非真實條件狀語從句。
(1)真實條件句真實條件句表示現(xiàn)實或可能的情況,由if引導(dǎo),它的主句可以是陳述句,疑問句或祈使句,可置于主句之前或之后。
If you heat ice,it melts. If it rained,I went by bus. unless引導(dǎo)的否定條件狀語從句,在意義上相當(dāng)于if…not,如:
Don‘t come unless I telephone. as / so long as,provided / providing (that)意為“只要、如果”,如:
You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well. in case在英國英語中表示目的,在美國英語中可表示條件,意為“如果、萬一”,如:
In case the house burns down,we‘ll get the insurance money.
(2)非真實條件句請參閱第十一章“虛擬語氣”。
5.讓步狀語從句
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有:although,though,even if,even though,if,for all that,when,while,whether…or,whatever,no matter what等。
although和though意義一樣,都作“雖然、即使”解,都表示讓步,一般情況下可互換使用,只是although語氣較重,大多置于句首。如:
They are generous though they are poor. Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. even if
和even though都作“即使”解,兩者可以互換使用,如:
She insisted on her own opinion even though / even if he was wrong. if作“即使、雖然”解,也表示讓步,如:
If he is wrong,he is honest. whether…or作“不論……是否”或“不論……還是”解,如:
You don‘t have to worry me whether I am well or ill.為了強調(diào)讓步意義,在正式文體或文學(xué)作品中,常用as引導(dǎo)讓步從句,從句的補語或狀語置于句首。如:
Tall as he was,he couldn‘t reach the top of the shelf. Strong as you may be,you cannot lift it.詞尾為-ever的wh-詞可以與“no matter wh-詞”互換使用,作“無論……”解,后者常用于口語中,如: