⒋ 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關系。試比較：
I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。(現(xiàn)在還未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。(昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明)
The light has gone out.燈已經(jīng)息了。(現(xiàn)在尚未亮)
The light gone went out.燈曾經(jīng)息過。(現(xiàn)在已亮了)
⒌ 幾點注意事項
I. have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：
have been(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說話時某人不在當?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ，never，several times等連用，后者則不能。如：
They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
II. 如單純表示一段時間，或強調(diào)一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：
It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。
Ⅲ. 不可延續(xù)性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：
I haven’t left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
⒍ 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
Ⅰ.It is the first / second time…. that…結(jié)構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
Ⅱ.This is the… that…結(jié)構，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
動詞時態(tài)經(jīng)典例題解析：
1. --- Oh， dear. I forgot the air tickets.
--- You ______ something.
A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left
解析：進行時態(tài)與always， all the time等連用，表示習慣性行為，且?guī)в袧夂竦母星樯省４颂幙衫斫鉃椤澳憧偸莵G三落四的”。，所以這個應該選B
2. --- I ______ so busily recently that I ______ no time to help you with your maths.
--- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.
A. have been working; have B. have worked; had
C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had
解析：recently常與現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時連用。第二空應用一般現(xiàn)在時。所以這個應該選A
3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me.
A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write
解析：next time引導時間狀語從句，而且其謂語動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。所以這個應該選D
4. He ______ at the meeting， but his heart attack prevented him.
A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak
解析：由題意“他本來打算在會上發(fā)言，但……”可知應選D項。
5. --- I beg your pardon， but I didn’t quite catch you.
--- Oh， I ______ myself.
A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to
解析：Oh， I was talking to myself.意為“噢， 我(剛才)只是在自言自語”。 所以這個應該選D.
6. I ______ ping-pong quite well， but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析：“乒乓球打得好”是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。所以這個應該選D.