綜合類考試：閱讀理解Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health， Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease， cancer and diabetes.
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases 一 the leading causes of death in the United States — and outlines ways that people can prevent them， including better diet and increased exercise.
“In the United States today， 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness， disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases，”the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.
The causes are often behaviora — smoking， poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiatiative.
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable， yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier， longer lives，”he said.
The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention， pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes， and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations， clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening， including Pap tests for cervical cancer， mammograms for breast cancer， colonoscopies， and prostate checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening， the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
詞匯：
diabetes 糖尿病
behavioral adj.行為方面的
slate vt.預定，規劃
cervical adj.子宮頸的
colonoscopy n.結腸鏡檢查
initiative n.主動的行動，倡議
escalate vi.逐步上升；逐步增強
nutritionist n.營養學家
mammogram n.乳房x線照片
prostate adj.前列腺的
1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US？
A)They account for 70% of all deaths.
B)They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C)They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D)They are largely preventable.
2. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT
A)better diet.
B)increased exercise.
C)reduction on smoking.
D)higher survival rate for cancer.
3. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean ______ 。
A)greater responsibility of the government
B)much less money needed for disease treatment
C)higher costs of health care
D)more 1ifestyle choices for people
4. The $15 million program is aimed at ______ 。
A)promoting disease prevention
B)building more sidewalks
C)helping needy communities
D)wiping out chronic diseases
5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly ______ 。
A)the death rates for all chronic diseases
B)the kinds of cancer attacking people
C)the cancer incidence rate
D)cancer death rate
「正確答案」
1-5 CDBAD
「答案解析」 1. C 從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國，70%的死亡是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數醫療費用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會引發慢性病，而不是慢性病引發不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以預防的。
2. D 從文章的第二、四段可以排除A、B和C三個選項。
3. B 從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費極高。適當投資于疾病的預防可以大大減少這種花費。
4. A 從文章第一段可以看出，該項目的主要目的是促進疾病的預防。
5. D 從文章的最后一段可以看出，早期癌癥檢查有助于大大提高癌癥存活率，即大大降低癌癥死亡率。