綜合類：閱讀判斷Tanning parlors take heat

　　People who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing common types of skin cancer， according to a new study that found the risk was highest for those who start at a young age．

　　The study， appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the U．S．National Cancer Institute，concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more 1ikely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices

　　The study confirmed what doctors have long suspected—that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers，said Margaret R．Karagas，first author of the study． Either going to the tanning parlor，or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin，said Dr．James Spencer，vice chairman of the department of dermatology at Mount Hospital，but the small．day．to．day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run．Joseph A．Levy，vice president of the International Smart Tan Network，however，said occasional sunburn “is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tanning industry is trying to stop．

　　In the study， Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer．They talked to 540 control subjects， who did not have either type of skin cancer. About l million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer．Among those skin cancer patients，about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer，16 percent，with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent， with melanoma．the most serious form of skin cancers．Back to the interviewed patients，190 reported that they had used tanning devices at some time．In the control groups，only 75 had used such devices．Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices．For basal cell cancer．the risk was 1.5 times greater．

　　The risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20，said Karagas．For this group，the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater．

　　一項新的研究結果表明，欲通過人工日照獲得誘人的黑色皮膚的人們使自己患皮膚癌的風險倍增。研究還發現，那些從年輕時就進行人工日照的人的風險系數是最高的。

　　這項發表在最新一期的美國國家癌癥研究會雜志的研究結果認為，使用了人工日照措施的人們比那些未使用的人們患皮膚癌的可能性要高出1.5至2.5倍。

　　該項研究成果的第一作者Margaret．R．Karagas說，該項研究證實了醫生長期的懷疑，使用人工日照增加了患基細胞和冠狀細胞皮膚癌的風險。

　　Mount醫院皮膚病學部副主任James Spencer 博士說，無論是去人工日照美容院還是偶爾的皮膚曬傷都會對皮膚造成嚴重的傷害，但從長遠來說，每天的少量接觸對皮膚更為有害。

　　然而，國際人工日照網的副總裁Joseph A．Levy卻說，偶爾的曬傷是導致各種皮膚癌的危險因素，是人工日照行業所盡力制止的。

　　在研究過程中，Karagas和同事們采訪了603名基細胞皮膚癌患者和293名冠狀細胞皮膚癌患者。他們還與未患皮膚癌的540名對照組實驗對象進行了交談。

　　每年大約有1百萬美國人被診斷為患有皮膚癌。在這些皮膚癌患者當中，約80%為基細胞皮膚癌患者，16%為冠狀細胞皮膚癌患者，4%為黑素瘤皮膚癌患者，這是最嚴重的一種皮膚癌。我們再看被采訪的患者當中，其中190人說他們曾經用過人工日照措施，而在對照組實驗對象中，只有75人曾經進行過人工日照。Karagas說，統計分析說明，使用過人工日照設施的人比未曾使用過的人患冠狀細胞皮膚癌的幾率要高2.5倍，患基細胞皮膚癌的風險要高1.5倍。

　　Karagas說，20歲之前就使用人工日照設施的人的患病風險是最高的。這組人群當中患冠狀細胞皮膚癌的風險比對照組高出3.6倍，而患基細胞皮膚癌的風險則要高出1.3倍。

　　★1).The passage confirms that using tanning equipment is harmful to one’s health.-R

　　★2).The highest rate of skin cancers is found in teenagers who use sun lamps frequently.-W

　　★3).Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer.-N

　　★4).Karagas’s reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer patients and a control group of people with no skin cancers.-R

　　★5).Doctor James Spencer’s argument implies that in the long run， getting an infrequent sunburn is worse than the small， day-to-day exposure.-W

　　★6).The passage mentions three forms of skin cancers， of which squamous cell skin cancer is the most dangerous.-W

　　★7).It is implied in Mr. Levy’s argument (paragraph 5) that frequent exposure to sun lamps is safe.-R