C By keeping a close eye on (密切關注)ones kidneys.
D By measuring(測量) the volume(量) of urine output(輸出).
1.B.利用問題句中的細節信息結構及備選項中的細節信息結構(放在方框里的結構)共同作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關句：
Hearts and kidneys; If one’s diseased， better keep a close eye on the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising， doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction，too
(第2段)The work， from two studies(研究) involving(包括) over 50，000 patients(病人)， promises(承諾，有希望) to boost(推進， 加強) efforts(努力) to diagnose(診斷) simmering kidney disease earlier. All it (考點詞)takes(采用) are urine and blood tests that cost (花費)less than (少于) $ 25， something (提議者)want to become as routine(常規的) as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol，” says Dr. Peter McCullough， preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.”
Chronic kidney disease， or CKD， is a quiet epidemic， many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast， with 400，000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive， a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.
1.B. 第2段第1句和第2句說， 加速慢性腎病的診斷所使用的方法就是尿檢和學檢，所以選項B為正確答案。
2. How many (多少)Americans(美國人) suffer(患) chronic(慢性的) kidney disease according to (根據)an estimation(估計)?
A 19，000，000 B 400，000 C 50，000 D 37， 000
2.A. 利用問題句中的細節信息結構(chronic kidney disease)及備選項中的數字共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
(第一題答案相關句)The work， from two studies involving over 50，000 patients， promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25， something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol，” says Dr. Peter McCullough， preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.”
Chronic kidney disease， or CKD， is a quiet(安靜的) epidemic(流行病)， many of the 19 million Americans estimated(估計) to have(患) it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast， with 400，000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive， a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.
第3段段首句說：在估計患有慢性病腎病的1，900萬美國人中很多人不知道自己患有該病， 因此選項A是正確答案。
3. How many Americans suffered(患) end-stage(中晚期) kidney failure(衰竭) and required dialysis(透析) or a transplant(移植) to survive(生存) twenty years ago(以前) according to an estimation(估計， 預算)?
A 400，000. B 300，000. C 200，000. D 100，000.
3.D. 利用問題句中的細節信息結構(end-stage kidney failure， twenty years ago)及備選項中的數字共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
(第2題答案相關句)Chronic kidney disease， or CKD， is a quiet epidemic， many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising(出現，上升) fast， with 400，000 people requiring(要求) dialysis (透析)or transplant(移植) to survive， a toll(數字) that has doubled(翻倍， 使加倍) in each of (每個的)the last(過去的) two decades(10年).
第3段最后一句說“中晚期腎衰竭迅速發展，有40萬人需要腎透析或腎移植才能生存下來， 這個數字是在近20年中每年翻一番而形成的”，由此可計算出20年以前患腎衰竭的病人人數為40萬/4 = 10萬。
4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine (內科醫學檔案)call for (要求)doctors caring for (照顧)heart patients to do?