理工類輔導資料:分詞的獨立結構
1) 分詞作狀語時,要特別注意其邏輯主語必須和謂語動詞的主語一致。否則,分詞必須有自己的主語,這種帶主語的分詞被稱為分詞的獨立結構,或叫獨立主格。在句中作狀語,表示時間、原因、條件等。例如:
The project finished, they had a two weeks leave.
完成那個計劃后,他們休了兩周假。
He being absent, nothing could be done.
由于他缺席,什么事也沒法干。
2) 獨立結構有時也可以用“with/ without 名詞(或代詞的賓語) 分詞”的結構,表示伴隨狀況。例如:
They sat there silently,(with) their eyes fixedon the lake.
他們靜靜地坐在那里,眼睛看著湖面。
With him helping me, I felt lucky.
有他的幫助,我感到很幸運。
5 . 容易混淆的現在分詞和過去分詞
像 interesting 和 interested 一類的分詞在意義和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下區分:
( 1 )一部分表示“情感;心情”等意義的動詞的現在分詞有“令人……的;具有……性質的”的意思,常用來說明人或事物的特征或性質。如:
The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.
( 2 )它們的過去分詞有“感到……的”的意思,用來指人的感覺或所處的狀態,因而它的主語一般不可能是指物的詞。如:
He was too excited to fall asleep.
這類容易混淆的分詞常見的有: encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled;astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等。
經典例題解析:
1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did‘t include women players until 1919.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析:根據題干,必須選表示被動的選項,故排除A、D;因B選項表“將要被舉行”意,不合題干之用,只有C選項(相當于which was first played)才合用。
2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
析:B、C是謂語動詞,在此不可用。D項to make或表目的,或表“將要使得”,這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語,表結果。再舉一現在分詞作結果狀語例: The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽車被大風雪所阻,因而耽誤了。