閱讀判斷模擬試題health hazard
Since 1939， numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking male s. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics， it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases， vaporized chemicals， minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine， which is powerful poison， and black tar. As smoke is breathed in， all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer， but they can only slightly reduce， not eliminate the hazards.
自1939年以來，人們進行了無數次研究，以確定抽煙是否危害健康。證據的趨向是一致的，并且顯示出抽煙對健康有嚴重危害。研究組進行的研究超出了所有合理的懷疑，表明吸食煙草與人的預期壽命的縮短有關。
這個領域的大部分研究人員都認為抽煙是肺癌和喉癌產生的重要原因，并且和人體其他某些器官的癌癥有關。抽煙的男性因心臟病的死亡率高于不抽煙的男性。女性吸煙者被認為受的影響較小，因為她們不深吸煙。
除了統計之外，看一看吸煙對人體的作用也可能會有幫助。煙是各種氣體、蒸發的化學物、微小的灰和其他固體顆粒的混合物。里面還有很強的毒素尼古丁和黑焦油。當煙被吸入時，所有這些成分形成肺膜上的沉淀物。集中的一點是氣管和支氣管分叉的地方。大部分肺癌開始于這一點。
過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草被宣稱使抽煙在某種程度上安全一些，但是它們只能稍微降低而不是消除危害。
★1)。 It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. -W
★2)。 Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy. -R
★3)。 Smoking may induce lung cancer. -R
★4)。 There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. -N
★5)。 Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. -W
★6)。 Nicotine is poisonous. -R
★7)。 Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe. -W