there be是英語中非常重要的一個(gè)句型: there是引導(dǎo)詞,不解釋 "那里"; 這是個(gè)倒裝句, 主語在be動(dòng)詞的后面, be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的主語決定。
注意中國學(xué)生容易搞錯(cuò)的問題:
There isnt enough furniture in the room.(房間里家具不夠)
錯(cuò):There hasnt enough furniture in the room.
There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫無疑問,中國已消滅天花。)
錯(cuò):It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (充分證據(jù)表明,愛滋病正在亞洲迅速蔓延。—— 同位語從句)
錯(cuò):It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (可以: It is evident that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主語從句)
(二)第二句型:主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 ( 其他成分)
在這個(gè)句型中主要注意及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分:
不及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞
rise /rose / risen(升起) raise /raised / raised (提高)
arise / arose / arisen (from)(產(chǎn)生) arouse / aroused / aroused(喚起)
lie / lay / lain(躺下) lay / laid / laid(放下)
arrive at(到達(dá)) reach(到達(dá))
wait for(等待) await(等待)
remain(仍舊) maintain(保持,維修)
*上面所注僅為典型詞義,要根據(jù)句子判別其他意思。
此外,該句型常采用倒裝形式,注意辨別,主要是以下兩種情況:
1) 用here 或 there引導(dǎo):Here comes the bus. (汽車來了。) / There rings the bell. (鈴響了。)
2) 在動(dòng)詞 介詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu)中,往往將介詞短語提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.(山頂上有一座漂亮的小房子。)