四、既理解個(gè)別句子的意義,也理解上下文之間的意義關(guān)系(常見,題干無固定形式)
學(xué)員們對文章個(gè)別句子好像是“理解”的,但由于不理解它與上下文中其他句子的邏輯關(guān)系,因而整篇文章講的是什么則不能準(zhǔn)確掌握。在閱讀理解測試中,但從考核目標(biāo)和內(nèi)容來看,要求學(xué)員準(zhǔn)確理解一些有關(guān)聯(lián)的句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系(例如概括和舉例說明、前因后果、行為動機(jī)、比較、條件或讓步等)。
1. Which of the following may cause/lead to 。。。 according to the passage?
2. Sb. is asked/advised to do sth. Because ________。
3. The aim of.。。 is/was ______。
4. The best solution for 。。。 seems to be ________
5. is specifically mentioned in paragraph 。。。 as an example of _______。
6. The author argues that a teacher‘s chief concern should be ________
7. According to the passage/author, people differ in their opinions about 。
8. … encourages the use of sth. so that _______
9. According to the passage the new device proved to be _________
10. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.。。 ?
五、根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行判斷和推論(難度比較大)
對理解字里行間的言外之意以及作者的觀點(diǎn)、寫作意圖和態(tài)度十分重要,要求考生推斷文章的含義和引申意思(根據(jù)文章所提供的部分信息或文章的含義進(jìn)行歸納);判斷所節(jié)選文章的某一部分的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn);有時(shí)甚至要求推斷作者的身分。
下面是判斷、推理的一些常見的表達(dá)方式:
1. What is implied in the sentence(s) 。。。 ?
2. It is implied in the passage that
3. The passage implies / suggests that
4. It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that
5. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?
6. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
7. Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage?
8. Based on the passage, we can assume that
9. We can learn from the passage that the author is
10. In Which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?
11. The paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss
12. What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss?
六、領(lǐng)會作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度回答這類題首先要在閱讀過程中注意體會和覺察作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度。這種信息有時(shí)是直接表達(dá)的,但更多的是間接、含蓄的流露。作者的主觀情感和態(tài)度往往和全文的主題和要點(diǎn)相關(guān)聯(lián)。